拍派媽vs皮小孩

這兩週也就是bb的拔出去玩後, bb 的自言自語變得少很多, 最大可能是房子裡

的對話聲音太少, 即使他爸一天只出現一小時, 但我發現這一小時bb看著聽著

我們的對話反而自得其樂在一邊學說話。我想這就是有些小孩能在2歲以前就

可以說許多字的關鍵- 聽到人們的對話。從看電視和單一的聽我跟他說話似乎

看不出明顯效果, 只知他有在聽, 另方面我除了說中文也會再說一次英文讓他

同時記住兩種語言, 這個方式其實會拖慢他語言的連結, 他困惑為何每個字都

這麼長, 剛開始我只講中文, 等下次一有機會再合併中英, 我曾想過是否只說

中文, 但又發現他認得的很多字可以在我說中或英文時做出相同的反應, 也就

是說他完全理解它們的意思了。只是他變成只說好發音的字, 如車子, 他會說

車車, 不說car; 說牛奶, 不說milk; 說881, 不說再見; 說night night, 不說睡覺,

慶幸的是他兩個意思都懂, 只是可以選擇性的說出他能發音的字。



一個人帶小孩的辛苦不只是生活起居而已, 還有小孩的人格, 社交和習慣....。

我曾說我要帶bb回台灣如果我沒法在美國找到工作(非常大的可能), 他很不爽

說: "我提供吃住呀, 你怕什麼?" 嗯~是呀, 如果有天兩人都沒工作呢? 他說不可以

回去。是呀~ 咬我嗎? 我被軟禁啦? 那他為何可以出去玩或成天不在這兒, 他有

足夠的自由為何我得放低自己的身段呢? 我已不奢求他能做什麼了, 這是很消

極的。如果另一半的很多理念和生活習慣都不好, 還不如辛苦點自己照顧。

有些人會刻意阻止你去做對的事, 然又能讓大家以為你沒有去做是你不對(這

是否意謂他心中早知對錯, 只是希望你和他一樣錯?) 聽起來很奇怪矛盾是不?

這是我近兩年理出的頭緒, 如果你沒有遇上這樣的人格, 你可能無法體會我說

的。總之, 去做就對了。Just Do It.



以下是出自專家對關於2歲嬰孩的語言發展建議:


How many words will my 2-year-old learn in a year?

Your 2-year-old is learning more than a word a day. Most 2-year-olds learn about 50 new words per month.    (一個月認識50個字? 其實不算多, 但我好像沒給他那麼多字~~緊張)

Remember, too, that at any age, children can understand more words than they can say. During the third year of life, a toddler's "receptive vocabulary"-the number of words he can understood-will grow by a few thousand words.

How does my toddler manage to learn so many words so fast?

Body language is helping your 2-year-old to absorb words quickly. Toddlers very carefully observe facial expressions and hand gestures. This helps them to understand the meaning of the words that they hear.  (肢體語言真的很有效果, 我買了signing time的手語DVD給bb, 他已認得每個字, 可惜一集裡的字教得太少又有些貴, 去找看有沒有賣二手的)

What are the most common words that 2-year-olds learn?

Young 2-year-olds use nouns ("ball," "cat," "car") most frequently. Action verbs ("go," "carry," "eat") are their next most popular part of speech, followed by prepositions ("up," "down," "out").

(先學會名詞, 然後動詞, 再來介詞)

How long will it take for my 2-year-old to start using complete sentences?

Right now, your 2-year-old may be using "telegraphic speech"-short phrases with only basic informational words, such as "Mommy play ball." This is a child's way to get "up and running" to practice his speech.  (Mommy play ball --> 對bb好像太難唸了><)

By age 3, your toddler will likely be stringing 5 or 6 words together in a sentence.

My 2-year-old says a lot, but mixes up consonants. Should I worry?

It is not unusual for toddlers this age to mix up their sounds. So if he says "runny babbit" instead of "bunny rabbit," don't worry. (如果不是兩個同樣意思的名詞說成句子是沒問題的, 這也是困擾

我的地方, 到底我要說horsy還是horse, or 馬? 怕bb只懂馬, 聽不明其他小朋友說的horsy,

但教他後又怕他會困惑太多相同意思的字, 我想最好的方法還是先只教一個等他吸收了再加。)

My child says a lot of words, but not many sentences. Should I be concerned?

Remember, "normal" language development varies. Some toddlers may combine words earlier, others may combine words later. What's most significant is that your toddler is combining words and learning new words continuously. If you're worried, talk to your health care professional.

How can I help my 2-year-old learn to talk?

Talking to your toddler frequently and using a rich variety of words can greatly influence speech development. In fact, some experts say that language is the area of development most affected by intervention.

Here's how you can help:

• Keep talking. Research shows that children who converse often with adults have more advanced language skills than children who are not verbally stimulated as frequently by their caregivers. Strike up conversations about daily activities as often as you can.
• Read books with rhyming words and repeated phrases. These types of books help toddler become aware of the individual sounds that make up words.
  
  (rhyming words英文的書應很多, 你可以這樣玩: dog --> log --> frog --> hog,                      我不知中文有沒有, 不過看來英文比較有意思, 另我發現雖我大部份都講中文, 但當                        我唱兒歌時, bb 只想我唱英文的, 不要我唱中文, 我到現在還是不知為什麼, 英文的                      兒歌有比較好聽嗎?)
  

• Re-read books. Repetition is important for language development because repeated experiences reinforce the pathways in the brain. (我得多找幾本故事書了, 別怕他聽不懂)
• Expand on the topic at hand. Use "parallel talk" to fill in words and help expand your child's language skills. If your child says, "Daddy home," you can say, "Yes, Daddy will be home from work soon."
• Don't interrupt if your child is talking to himself/herself. Even if what your child is saying doesn't make sense to you, don't interfere. Your child is simply thinking while trying to figure things out.
• Don't consider television a substitute for interaction. Only a live person can provide the social interaction and feedback that toddlers need to learn language.
  (是呀, 然沒有電視bb會很無聊, 我也不知要給他玩什麼, 我的力氣有限, 看來明年真的要讓       他上學先)
  

Is there anything else that I can do to help language and brain development?

Most of what happens occurs automatically. But you can help to nurture your toddler in two ways.

First of all, spend time talking, listening, and helping your toddler discover the world. You are your child's best teacher.

Secondly, provide an appropriate diet for your baby. Experts have found that brain development is sensitive to a child's nutrition. Your child's brain is still growing during this year. It will reach about 80% of its adult size by the child's third birthday.

What nutrients help brain development?

To help support brain development, your toddler's diet should include

• Adequate calories and protein. Your toddler's brain depends on calories and, in particular, protein, to grow. Remember, your child's brain is still growing-from 25% of its adult size at birth to 80% of its adult size at age 3 years. Inadequate brain growth can lead to slower language development.
• Iron. Iron is essential for maintaining enough oxygen-carrying red blood cells. These red blood cells are necessary to fuel brain growth.
• Zinc. Certain brain cells contain a high concentration of zinc. Zinc also plays a role when the brain's axons-the long "wires" that connect brain cells-are coated with myelin, a dense fatty substance. Myelin helps protect the brain's nerve fibers and helps the axons send messages more quickly.
• DHA. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a major component of the lipids-or fats-found in the brain's cerebral cortex. Some researchers believe that babies who are fed breast milk, which is naturally rich in DHA, have superior brain development partly because of the DHA that accumulates in their cerebral cortex.

What foods contain the nutrients that help brain development?

The ideal protein is a complete protein, which contains all of the essential amino acids in the right proportions. Animal foods, such as milk, meat, and fish are complete proteins.

Iron-rich foods include lean red meats, turkey, eggs, lamb, fish, and shellfish. Iron is also found in beans, broccoli, spinach, and dried fruit.

Zinc is found in meat, fish, poultry, and dairy products, as well as whole grains, dried beans, and nuts. Children should not eat whole nuts before the age of 4.

Seafood and liver are good sources of DHA. Some growing-up milks, such as PROGRESS* GOLD, are fortified with DHA. (反正就是奶, 肉, 魚, 蛋, 豆類, 穀類- 全麥, 杏仁, 核桃...)

http://www.wyethnutrition.com/toddler/2_year_language.htm